The Toyota Crown XVI (S235) 2.4 D-4ST Hybrid MAX E-Four Direct Shift, introduced in July 2022, represents a significant departure for the Crown nameplate, transitioning from a traditional sedan to a crossover body style. This variant is positioned as the performance-oriented flagship of the S235 generation, offering a sophisticated hybrid powertrain and all-wheel drive capability. It marks Toyota’s attempt to redefine the Crown for a modern audience, particularly in markets where larger sedans have declined in popularity. The S235 platform is not shared with any current North American Toyota or Lexus models, representing a uniquely designed vehicle for global markets, including a planned introduction to the US market.
Technical Specifications
| Brand | Toyota |
| Model | Crown |
| Generation | Crown XVI (S235) |
| Type (Engine) | 2.4 D-4ST (349 Hp) Hybrid MAX E-Four Direct Shift |
| Start of production | July, 2022 |
| Powertrain Architecture | FHEV (Full Hybrid Electric Vehicle) |
| Body type | Crossover |
| Seats | 5 |
| Doors | 4 |
| Fuel consumption (economy) – urban (WLTC) | 7.9 l/100 km (29.8 US mpg, 35.8 UK mpg, 12.7 km/l) |
| Fuel consumption (economy) – extra urban (WLTC) | 5.7 l/100 km (41.3 US mpg, 49.6 UK mpg, 17.5 km/l) |
| Fuel consumption (economy) – combined (WLTC) | 6.4 l/100 km (36.8 US mpg, 44.1 UK mpg, 15.6 km/l) |
| CO2 emissions (WLTC) | 148 g/km |
| Fuel Type | Petrol (Gasoline) |
| Weight-to-power ratio | 5.4 kg/Hp, 185.6 Hp/tonne |
| Weight-to-torque ratio | 4.1 kg/Nm, 244.7 Nm/tonne |
| Battery technology | Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) |
| Battery location | Below the floor, under the rear seats |
| Electric motor power (1) | 83 Hp |
| Electric motor Torque (1) | 292 Nm (215.37 lb.-ft.) |
| Electric motor model/code (1) | 1ZM |
| Electric motor location (1) | Between the combustion engine and the transmission |
| Electric motor power (2) | 80 Hp |
| Electric motor Torque (2) | 169 Nm (124.65 lb.-ft.) |
| Electric motor model/code (2) | 1YM |
| Electric motor location (2) | Rear axle, Transverse |
| System power | 349 Hp |
| Internal combustion engine power | 272 Hp @ 6000 rpm |
| Power per litre | 113.7 Hp/l |
| Torque | 460 Nm @ 2000-3000 rpm (339.28 lb.-ft. @ 2000-3000 rpm) |
| Engine layout | Front, Transverse |
| Engine Model/Code | T24A-FTS |
| Engine displacement | 2393 cm3 (146.03 cu. in.) |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Engine configuration | Inline |
| Cylinder Bore | 87.5 mm (3.44 in.) |
| Piston Stroke | 99.5 mm (3.92 in.) |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 |
| Fuel injection system | Direct injection and Multi-port manifold injection |
| Engine aspiration | Turbocharger, Intercooler |
| Valvetrain | VVT |
| Engine oil capacity | 5.4 l (5.71 US qt | 4.75 UK qt) |
| Coolant | 9.2 l (9.72 US qt | 8.09 UK qt) |
| Kerb Weight | 1880-1950 kg (4144.69 – 4299.01 lbs.) |
| Trunk (boot) space – minimum | 450 l (15.89 cu. ft.) |
| Fuel tank capacity | 55 l (14.53 US gal | 12.1 UK gal) |
| Length | 4930 mm (194.09 in.) |
| Width | 1840 mm (72.44 in.) |
| Height | 1540 mm (60.63 in.) |
| Wheelbase | 2850 mm (112.2 in.) |
| Front track | 1605 mm (63.19 in.) |
| Rear (Back) track | 1615 mm (63.58 in.) |
| Front overhang | 1020 mm (40.16 in.) |
| Rear overhang | 1060 mm (41.73 in.) |
| Ride height (ground clearance) | 145 mm (5.71 in.) |
| Minimum turning circle (turning diameter) | 10.8 m (35.43 ft.) |
| Drivetrain Architecture | An Internal combustion engine (ICE) drives the front wheels, one electric motor drives the front wheels, one electric motor drives the rear wheels. There is an ability for running in full electric or mixed mode. |
| Drive wheel | All wheel drive (4×4) |
| Number of gears and type of gearbox | 6 gears, automatic transmission Direct Shift |
| Front suspension | Independent type McPherson |
| Rear suspension | Independent multi-link suspension |
| Front brakes | Ventilated discs |
| Rear brakes | Ventilated discs |
| Assisting systems | ABS (Anti-lock braking system) |
| Steering type | Steering rack and pinion |
| Power steering | Electric Steering |
| Tires size | 225/45 R21 |
| Wheel rims size | 7.5J x 21 |
INTRODUCTION
The Toyota Crown XVI (S235) 2.4 D-4ST Hybrid MAX E-Four Direct Shift, launched in 2022, represents a bold reimagining of the Crown, a name historically associated with large, luxurious sedans in Japan. This generation marks a shift towards a crossover format, aimed at appealing to a broader global audience. The 2.4 D-4ST variant sits at the top of the Crown XVI lineup, offering the highest level of performance and technology. It utilizes Toyota’s Hybrid MAX powertrain, combining a turbocharged 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine with electric motors for a total system output of 349 horsepower. The E-Four system provides all-wheel drive, enhancing both traction and handling. This model is intended to compete with premium crossovers from brands like Lexus, Acura, and BMW.
Powertrain & Engine Architecture
At the heart of the 2.4 D-4ST is the T24A-FTS 2.4-liter inline-four cylinder engine. This engine features a single scroll turbocharger and direct injection, producing 272 horsepower at 6000 rpm and 460 Nm (339.28 lb-ft) of torque between 2000-3000 rpm. The Hybrid MAX system adds two electric motors – a front motor (1ZM, 83 hp, 292 Nm) integrated between the engine and the transmission, and a rear motor (1YM, 80 hp, 169 Nm) driving the rear axle. This configuration allows for both electric all-wheel drive and the ability to operate in electric-only mode for short distances. The transmission is a six-speed Direct Shift automatic, designed for quick and smooth gear changes. The nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack is located under the rear seats, contributing to a low center of gravity. The fuel injection system utilizes both direct injection and multi-port injection to optimize combustion efficiency and reduce emissions.
Driving Characteristics
The 2.4 D-4ST delivers a noticeably more engaging driving experience compared to lower-trim Crown models. The combined output of 349 horsepower provides brisk acceleration, with Toyota claiming a 0-60 mph time in the low six-second range. The Direct Shift transmission offers responsive shifts, and the E-Four all-wheel drive system provides excellent traction in various conditions. While the hybrid system prioritizes fuel efficiency, the powertrain readily delivers power when needed. The steering is precise, and the suspension is tuned for a balance between comfort and handling. Compared to a hypothetical V6-powered Crown, the 2.4 D-4ST offers comparable performance with the added benefit of significantly improved fuel economy. The electric motors provide instant torque, filling in any potential turbo lag.
Equipment & Trim Levels
The 2.4 D-4ST typically comes standard with a high level of equipment. This includes premium leather upholstery, heated and ventilated front seats, a large touchscreen infotainment system with navigation, a premium sound system, and a suite of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and automatic emergency braking. Optional extras may include a panoramic sunroof, upgraded interior trim, and advanced parking assist features. The interior design emphasizes a modern and minimalist aesthetic, with high-quality materials and attention to detail.
Chassis & Braking
The Crown XVI utilizes a robust chassis with independent McPherson strut suspension in the front and an independent multi-link suspension in the rear. This setup provides a comfortable ride while maintaining good handling characteristics. Ventilated disc brakes are used on all four wheels, providing ample stopping power. The E-Four all-wheel drive system intelligently distributes torque between the front and rear axles based on driving conditions, maximizing traction and stability. The steering system is an electric power-assisted rack and pinion, offering precise and responsive steering feel.
Market Reception & Comparison
The Toyota Crown XVI 2.4 D-4ST has been generally well-received by automotive critics, who praise its bold design, refined interior, and engaging driving experience. The Hybrid MAX powertrain is lauded for its efficiency and performance. Compared to other trims in the Crown lineup, the 2.4 D-4ST offers a significant performance upgrade, but at a higher price point. Fuel economy is competitive for its class, achieving around 36.8 US mpg in combined driving. Reliability is expected to be high, consistent with Toyota’s reputation for building durable vehicles. However, some critics have noted that the crossover body style may not appeal to traditional Crown buyers who prefer a sedan.
Legacy
The Toyota Crown XVI 2.4 D-4ST represents a pivotal moment for the Crown nameplate, signaling a willingness to adapt to changing market demands. The Hybrid MAX powertrain is a key technological advancement for Toyota, showcasing its commitment to electrification. While it remains to be seen how the Crown will perform in the long term, the 2.4 D-4ST variant is poised to become a desirable and collectible model, particularly among enthusiasts who appreciate its unique combination of performance, efficiency, and technology. Its long-term reliability is anticipated to be strong, building on Toyota’s established reputation for durability. As a relatively new model, its presence in the used car market is still developing, but it is expected to hold its value well due to its advanced features and limited production numbers.
