The Mitsubishi Toppo 659 R-4WD, produced from 1990 to 1999, represents a unique offering within the Japanese Kei car class, though it wasn’t directly marketed as a Kei car due to its dimensions exceeding those limitations. This compact, three-door hatchback was primarily designed for the Japanese domestic market (JDM), catering to the need for affordable and maneuverable transportation in densely populated urban areas. While not officially sold in the United States, the Toppo 659 R-4WD provides an interesting case study in efficient vehicle design and the evolution of all-wheel-drive technology in smaller vehicles. It occupied a niche between the ultra-compact Kei cars and larger, more conventional hatchbacks, offering a balance of practicality and affordability.
Mitsubishi Toppo 659 R-4WD: A Detailed Overview
The Toppo nameplate has a long history with Mitsubishi, dating back to the 1960s. However, the 659 series, introduced in 1990, marked a significant shift towards a more modern and versatile design. The “659” designation refers to the engine displacement, a common practice in Japan. The R-4WD variant specifically denotes the inclusion of a real-time four-wheel-drive system, enhancing traction and stability, particularly useful in Japan’s varied climates and terrains. The Toppo 659 R-4WD was aimed at buyers seeking a small, economical vehicle capable of handling diverse road conditions.
Engine & Performance
Powering the Mitsubishi Toppo 659 R-4WD is a 659 cc inline-four cylinder, naturally aspirated gasoline engine. This engine produces 55 horsepower at 7000 rpm and 60 Nm (44.25 lb.-ft.) of torque at 5000 rpm. While these figures may seem modest by contemporary standards, they were adequate for the vehicle’s intended purpose and lightweight construction. The engine features a multi-port fuel injection system and an overhead camshaft (OHC) valvetrain, contributing to reasonable efficiency and reliability. The power-to-weight ratio of 14.4 kg/Hp (69.6 Hp/tonne) and torque-to-weight ratio of 13.2 kg/Nm (75.9 Nm/tonne) demonstrate a relatively efficient powertrain for its time. Fuel economy is rated at 4.9 liters per 100 kilometers (48 US mpg, 57.6 UK mpg, or 20.4 km/l), highlighting its focus on fuel efficiency. The engine is transversely mounted, optimizing space within the compact engine bay.
Design & Features
The Mitsubishi Toppo 659 R-4WD is a three-door hatchback with a seating capacity for five passengers. Its compact dimensions – 3255 mm (128.15 in) in length, 1395 mm (54.92 in) in width, and 1795 mm (70.67 in) in height – make it exceptionally maneuverable in tight urban environments. The vehicle’s design prioritizes practicality and functionality over outright aesthetics. The interior is relatively spartan but offers sufficient space for passengers and cargo, considering its size. Key features include a manual five-speed transmission, disc brakes on the front wheels, and drum brakes on the rear. The inclusion of an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) was a notable safety feature for a vehicle in this class during the 1990s. The steering system utilizes a rack and pinion setup, providing responsive handling. The Toppo 659 R-4WD rides on 155/70 R13 S tires. The all-wheel-drive system is a key feature, providing enhanced traction and stability, especially on slippery surfaces.
Technical Specifications
| Brand | Mitsubishi |
| Model | Toppo |
| Generation | Toppo |
| Type (Engine) | 659 R-4WD (55 Hp) |
| Start of production | 1990 |
| End of production | 1999 |
| Powertrain Architecture | Internal Combustion engine |
| Body type | Hatchback |
| Seats | 5 |
| Doors | 3 |
| Fuel consumption (combined) | 4.9 l/100 km (48 US mpg, 57.6 UK mpg, 20.4 km/l) |
| Fuel Type | Petrol (Gasoline) |
| Weight-to-power ratio | 14.4 kg/Hp |
| Weight-to-torque ratio | 13.2 kg/Nm |
| Power | 55 Hp @ 7000 rpm |
| Power per litre | 83.5 Hp/l |
| Torque | 60 Nm @ 5000 rpm (44.25 lb.-ft. @ 5000 rpm) |
| Engine layout | Front, Transverse |
| Engine displacement | 659 cm3 (40.21 cu. in.) |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Engine configuration | Inline |
| Cylinder Bore | 60 mm (2.36 in.) |
| Piston Stroke | 58.3 mm (2.3 in.) |
| Compression ratio | 8.5:1 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 |
| Fuel injection system | Multi-port manifold injection |
| Engine aspiration | Naturally aspirated engine |
| Valvetrain | OHC |
| Kerb Weight | 790 kg (1741.65 lbs.) |
| Fuel tank capacity | 32 l (8.45 US gal | 7.04 UK gal) |
| Length | 3255 mm (128.15 in.) |
| Width | 1395 mm (54.92 in.) |
| Height | 1795 mm (70.67 in.) |
| Wheelbase | 2265 mm (89.17 in.) |
| Front track | 1215 mm (47.83 in.) |
| Rear track | 1215 mm (47.83 in.) |
| Drive wheel | All wheel drive (4×4) |
| Number of gears and type of gearbox | 5 gears, manual transmission |
| Front suspension | Spring Strut |
| Rear suspension | Coil spring |
| Front brakes | Disc |
| Rear brakes | Drum |
| Assisting systems | ABS (Anti-lock braking system) |
| Steering type | Steering rack and pinion |
| Tires size | 155/70 R13 S |
The Mitsubishi Toppo 659 R-4WD, while not a household name in the United States, represents a significant example of Japanese automotive engineering focused on efficiency, practicality, and adaptability. Its compact size, all-wheel-drive capability, and fuel-efficient engine made it a popular choice for navigating the challenges of Japanese roads and urban environments. It stands as a testament to Mitsubishi’s commitment to providing innovative and affordable transportation solutions.
