The Mercedes-Benz S 320 (V140 long wheelbase) represented a significant step forward in luxury and technology when it was introduced in 1993 and remained in production through 1994. Positioned as a mid-range offering within the expansive V140 S-Class lineup, it slotted between the entry-level S 280 and the flagship S 420 and S 500 models. The “long wheelbase” designation, signified by the addition of “Long” to the model name, added approximately 100mm (3.9 inches) to the overall length, providing increased rear passenger legroom – a key selling point for the S-Class in many markets. This variant aimed to deliver a balance of performance, refinement, and value within the S-Class range, appealing to buyers who desired the prestige of the S-Class without the higher price tag of the top-tier models.
Technical Specifications
| Brand | Mercedes-Benz |
| Model | S-class |
| Generation | S-class Long (V140) |
| Type | S 320 (231 Hp) Automatic 4-speed |
| Start of production | 1993 |
| End of production | 1994 |
| Powertrain Architecture | Internal Combustion engine |
| Body type | Sedan |
| Seats | 5 |
| Doors | 4 |
| Fuel consumption (urban) | 14.5 l/100 km (16.2 US mpg, 19.5 UK mpg, 6.9 km/l) |
| Fuel consumption (extra urban) | 9.6 l/100 km (24.5 US mpg, 29.4 UK mpg, 10.4 km/l) |
| Fuel consumption (combined) | 11.9 l/100 km (19.8 US mpg, 23.7 UK mpg, 8.4 km/l) |
| Fuel Type | Petrol (Gasoline) |
| Acceleration 0 – 100 km/h | 8.9 sec |
| Acceleration 0 – 62 mph | 8.9 sec |
| Acceleration 0 – 60 mph | 8.5 sec |
| Maximum speed | 225 km/h (139.81 mph) |
| Weight-to-power ratio | 8.2 kg/Hp, 121.6 Hp/tonne |
| Weight-to-torque ratio | 6 kg/Nm, 165.8 Nm/tonne |
| Power | 231 Hp @ 5600 rpm |
| Power per litre | 72.2 Hp/l |
| Torque | 315 Nm @ 3750 rpm (232.33 lb.-ft. @ 3750 rpm) |
| Engine layout | Front, Longitudinal |
| Engine Model/Code | M 104 E 32 |
| Engine displacement | 3199 cm3 (195.21 cu. in.) |
| Number of cylinders | 6 |
| Engine configuration | Inline |
| Cylinder Bore | 89.9 mm (3.54 in.) |
| Piston Stroke | 84 mm (3.31 in.) |
| Compression ratio | 10:1 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 |
| Fuel injection system | Multi-port manifold injection |
| Engine aspiration | Naturally aspirated engine |
| Valvetrain | DOHC |
| Engine oil capacity | 7.5 l (7.93 US qt | 6.6 UK qt) |
| Coolant | 14.5 l (15.32 US qt | 12.76 UK qt) |
| Kerb Weight | 1900 kg (4188.78 lbs.) |
| Max. weight | 2560 kg (5643.83 lbs.) |
| Max load | 660 kg (1455.05 lbs.) |
| Trunk (boot) space – minimum | 525 l (18.54 cu. ft.) |
| Fuel tank capacity | 100 l (26.42 US gal | 22 UK gal) |
| Length | 5213 mm (205.24 in.) |
| Width | 1886 mm (74.25 in.) |
| Height | 1485 mm (58.46 in.) |
| Wheelbase | 3140 mm (123.62 in.) |
| Front track | 1606 mm (63.23 in.) |
| Rear (Back) track | 1579 mm (62.17 in.) |
| Minimum turning circle | 12.51 m (41.04 ft.) |
| Drivetrain Architecture | Rear wheel drive |
| Number of gears and type of gearbox | 4 gears, automatic transmission |
| Front suspension | Double wishbone |
| Rear suspension | Independent multi-link spring suspension with stabilizer |
| Front brakes | Ventilated discs |
| Rear brakes | Disc |
| Assisting systems | ABS (Anti-lock braking system) |
| Power steering | Hydraulic Steering |
| Tires size | 235/60 R16 |
| Wheel rims size | 16 |
Powertrain & Engine Architecture
The S 320 was powered by the M104 E 32 engine, a 3.2-liter inline-six cylinder powerplant. This engine was a significant departure from the V8 engines traditionally found in the S-Class, representing Mercedes-Benz’s efforts to improve fuel efficiency without sacrificing performance. The M104 featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder heads, dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), and four valves per cylinder. Fuel delivery was handled by a Bosch multi-port fuel injection system, precisely metering fuel into the intake ports. The engine produced 231 horsepower at 5600 rpm and 315 Nm (232 lb-ft) of torque at 3750 rpm. The engine’s relatively high compression ratio of 10:1 contributed to its efficiency and responsiveness. Paired with the M104 was a four-speed automatic transmission, providing smooth and comfortable gear changes. This transmission was a conventional hydraulic automatic, known for its reliability but lacking the sophistication of later electronically controlled units.
Driving Characteristics
The S 320 Automatic offered a refined and comfortable driving experience, prioritizing smoothness and quietness over outright performance. While the 0-60 mph time of around 8.5 seconds wasn’t particularly quick by modern standards, the engine delivered ample torque for effortless cruising and confident overtaking. The four-speed automatic transmission, while smooth, did have relatively widely spaced gear ratios, which could sometimes result in the engine feeling slightly strained during hard acceleration. Compared to the more powerful S 420 and S 500 models, the S 320 felt less urgent, but it offered a more balanced and fuel-efficient driving experience. The inline-six engine was also known for its smooth operation and pleasing sound, a characteristic often preferred by enthusiasts over the V8 alternatives.
Equipment & Trim Levels
The S 320 Long came standard with a comprehensive list of luxury features, befitting its flagship status. These included leather upholstery, power-adjustable front seats with memory function, automatic climate control, a premium sound system, and power windows and locks. The V140 S-Class was also notable for its advanced safety features, including ABS anti-lock brakes, traction control, and a driver-side airbag (passenger airbag was optional). Optional extras included a sunroof, rear climate control, heated seats, and a more sophisticated audio system. Interior trim options included various wood veneers and leather colors, allowing buyers to personalize their vehicles. The long wheelbase model specifically offered upgraded rear seats with additional adjustments and comfort features.
Chassis & Braking
The V140 S-Class featured a robust chassis with double wishbone suspension at the front and an independent multi-link suspension at the rear, providing a comfortable and controlled ride. Stabilizer bars were fitted to both axles to reduce body roll during cornering. Braking duties were handled by ventilated disc brakes at the front and solid disc brakes at the rear. The hydraulic power steering provided light and precise steering feel. The S 320’s weight of approximately 1900 kg (4189 lbs) was well-managed by the suspension and braking systems, providing a secure and stable driving experience.
Market Reception & Comparison
The S 320 was generally well-received by automotive critics, who praised its comfortable ride, refined interior, and fuel efficiency. It was seen as a sensible alternative to the more expensive and less economical V8-powered models. However, some critics noted that the four-speed automatic transmission felt dated compared to the five-speed automatics offered by some competitors. In terms of fuel economy, the S 320 offered a noticeable improvement over the S 420 and S 500, achieving around 19.8 US mpg in combined driving. Reliability was generally good, although the complex electronic systems of the V140 S-Class could occasionally present challenges.
Legacy
The M104 engine, found in the S 320, proved to be a durable and reliable powerplant. Many examples are still on the road today, a testament to its robust construction and thoughtful engineering. The V140 S-Class, as a whole, is considered a landmark vehicle in automotive history, setting new standards for luxury, technology, and safety. The S 320, while not the most powerful or prestigious variant, remains a desirable classic car, offering a unique blend of comfort, refinement, and value. In the used car market, well-maintained S 320 models command a premium, particularly those with low mileage and a complete service history. The car represents a high point in Mercedes-Benz engineering and design, and continues to be appreciated by enthusiasts and collectors alike.
