The Mercedes-Benz S123 240 TD Automatic, produced from February 1978 to January 1986, represents a significant iteration within the W123 series, specifically the S123 designation denoting the station wagon (estate) body style. This variant occupied a unique position in the lineup, offering a blend of practicality, fuel efficiency, and the renowned Mercedes-Benz build quality. It was positioned as a sensible, family-oriented option, appealing to buyers who prioritized space and economy over outright performance. The 240 TD Automatic utilized the OM 616 diesel engine paired with a four-speed automatic transmission, making it a popular choice for long-distance travel and everyday use.
The 240 TD Automatic: A Detailed Overview
The S123 240 TD Automatic was part of the larger W123 family, a generation of Mercedes-Benz vehicles celebrated for its durability and engineering. The W123 platform (internally designated 1HX0 for sedans and A3 for estates) introduced numerous advancements in safety and comfort. The estate version, the S123, provided a larger cargo capacity, making it a favored choice for families and those requiring substantial load-carrying ability. The 240 TD Automatic, with its diesel engine and automatic transmission, catered to a specific segment of the market seeking a refined and economical driving experience.
Powertrain & Engine Architecture
At the heart of the 240 TD Automatic lies the OM 616 D 24 engine, a 2.4-liter inline four-cylinder diesel. This engine, with a displacement of 2399 cm³ (146.4 cu. in.), produced 72 horsepower at 4400 rpm and 137 Nm (101.05 lb.-ft.) of torque at 2400 rpm. The engine featured a compression ratio of 21.5:1 and utilized a multi-port manifold injection system, a relatively advanced fuel delivery method for its time. The valvetrain employed a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) design, contributing to the engine’s robust and reliable nature. The engine oil capacity was 8 liters (8.45 US qt / 7.04 UK qt) and required a specific oil specification, crucial for maintaining its longevity.
The engine was longitudinally mounted in the front of the vehicle, driving the rear wheels. Paired with the OM 616 was a four-speed automatic transmission. While not known for its sporty responsiveness, this transmission provided smooth and effortless gear changes, enhancing the comfort of the driving experience. The automatic transmission was chosen to appeal to buyers who preferred the convenience of not having to manually shift gears, particularly in urban environments.
Driving Characteristics
The driving experience in the S123 240 TD Automatic was characterized by its relaxed and comfortable nature. The 72 horsepower output, while modest by modern standards, was sufficient for comfortable cruising and everyday driving. Acceleration was not a strong point, with a 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) time of approximately 28.8 seconds. However, the engine’s 137 Nm of torque provided adequate pulling power, especially at lower engine speeds. The automatic transmission contributed to a smooth and predictable driving experience, although it did slightly diminish the overall responsiveness compared to the manual transmission versions.
The gear ratios of the four-speed automatic were optimized for fuel efficiency and comfortable cruising. The transmission was not designed for rapid acceleration or aggressive driving, but rather for providing a relaxed and refined experience. Compared to the higher-powered 280E variants, the 240 TD Automatic offered significantly less performance, but it compensated with superior fuel economy and a more relaxed driving style. Compared to the 300TD, the 240TD offered similar fuel economy but with less power.
Equipment & Trim Levels
The S123 240 TD Automatic typically came equipped with a respectable level of standard features for its era. These included comfortable cloth upholstery, a wood-trimmed dashboard, and basic instrumentation. Power steering was a common feature, enhancing maneuverability. Optional extras included a sunroof, upgraded audio systems, and more luxurious upholstery options. The interior design prioritized functionality and durability, reflecting the vehicle’s practical nature. The estate body style naturally offered a large cargo area, accessible through a rear tailgate. The rear seats could be folded down to further expand the cargo capacity.
Chassis & Braking
The S123 240 TD Automatic featured a robust chassis designed to handle the weight of the vehicle and its occupants, as well as the potential for heavy loads. The front suspension utilized a double wishbone design, providing a comfortable ride and good handling characteristics. The rear suspension employed a trailing arm setup, which contributed to the vehicle’s stability. The braking system consisted of disc brakes on all four wheels, providing adequate stopping power for the vehicle’s weight and performance. The curb weight of the 240 TD Automatic was approximately 1515 kg (3340 lbs), while the maximum permissible weight was 2135 kg (4706.87 lbs). Tire size was typically 195/70 R14 for both front and rear wheels, mounted on 6J x 14 inch rims.
Market Reception & Comparison
The S123 240 TD Automatic was generally well-received by critics and buyers alike. It was praised for its fuel efficiency, reliability, and spaciousness. The diesel engine offered significantly better fuel economy than the gasoline-powered alternatives, making it an attractive option for those who drove long distances. However, the relatively low horsepower output was a common criticism. Compared to the 280E, the 240 TD Automatic offered lower performance but superior fuel economy. The 240 TD Automatic was often seen as a more practical and economical alternative to the more luxurious and powerful models in the W123 range.
Technical Specifications
| Engine Model/Code | OM 616 D 24 / 616.912 |
| Engine Displacement | 2399 cm3 (146.4 cu. in.) |
| Number of Cylinders | 4 |
| Engine Configuration | Inline |
| Cylinder Bore | 90.9 mm (3.58 in.) |
| Piston Stroke | 92.4 mm (3.64 in.) |
| Compression Ratio | 21.5:1 |
| Number of Valves per Cylinder | 2 |
| Fuel Injection System | Multi-port manifold injection |
| Engine Aspiration | Naturally aspirated |
| Power | 72 Hp @ 4400 rpm |
| Torque | 137 Nm @ 2400 rpm (101.05 lb.-ft. @ 2400 rpm) |
| Fuel Consumption (Urban) | 9.6 l/100 km (24.5 US mpg / 29.4 UK mpg / 10.4 km/l) |
| Fuel Consumption (Extra Urban) | 7.7 l/100 km (30.5 US mpg / 36.7 UK mpg / 13 km/l) |
| Acceleration 0-100 km/h | 28.8 sec |
| Acceleration 0-62 mph | 28.8 sec |
| Acceleration 0-60 mph | 27.4 sec |
| Maximum Speed | 133 km/h (82.64 mph) |
| Kerb Weight | 1515 kg (3340 lbs.) |
| Max. Weight | 2135 kg (4706.87 lbs.) |
| Fuel Tank Capacity | 70 l (18.49 US gal / 15.4 UK gal) |
| Length | 4725 mm (186.02 in.) |
| Width | 1786 mm (70.31 in.) |
| Height | 1470 mm (57.87 in.) |
| Wheelbase | 2795 mm (110.04 in.) |
| Transmission | 4 gears, automatic transmission |
Legacy
The S123 240 TD Automatic has earned a reputation for exceptional durability and reliability. The OM 616 diesel engine is known for its longevity, and many examples remain on the road today, often with very high mileage. The robust construction of the W123 platform has also contributed to its enduring appeal. In the used car market, the S123 240 TD Automatic is sought after by enthusiasts and those seeking a classic Mercedes-Benz that is relatively easy to maintain. While parts availability can be a concern, the OM 616 engine is well-documented and supported by a dedicated community of enthusiasts. The combination of practicality, fuel efficiency, and the Mercedes-Benz badge ensures that the S123 240 TD Automatic remains a desirable and respected vehicle.
