The Mercedes-Benz S123 280 TE, produced from September 1977 to April 1978, represents a significant iteration within the W123 series, specifically the T-Modell (estate/station wagon) variant. This model combined the luxury and engineering prowess of the W123 sedan with the practicality of a wagon body style. The 280 TE occupied a premium position in the S123 lineup, offering a larger engine and more refined features compared to the base models like the 200 T and 230 T. It served as a practical yet luxurious vehicle aimed at families and individuals requiring ample cargo space without sacrificing Mercedes-Benz’s renowned comfort and build quality. The S123 chassis code designates the T-Modell version of the W123, distinguishing it from the sedan (W123) and coupe (C123) body styles.
Powertrain & Engine Architecture
The heart of the 280 TE is the M 110 E 28 engine, a 2.8-liter inline-six cylinder gasoline engine. This engine, bearing the internal code 110.984, produced 177 horsepower at 6000 rpm and 234 Nm (172.59 lb-ft) of torque at 4500 rpm. The engine featured a cast iron block and aluminum cylinder head, a configuration common for Mercedes-Benz six-cylinder engines of the era. It employed multi-port manifold fuel injection, a relatively advanced system for the time, contributing to improved fuel efficiency and smoother power delivery. The engine’s valvetrain consisted of a double overhead camshaft (DOHC) design, enhancing breathing and overall performance.
Paired with the M 110 E 28 engine was a four-speed automatic transmission. This transmission was a hydraulic automatic, offering smooth and relatively quick shifts for comfortable cruising. While not known for its sporting character, the automatic transmission was well-suited to the 280 TE’s intended role as a luxurious and practical family vehicle. The transmission’s gear ratios were optimized for both acceleration and fuel economy, providing a balance between performance and efficiency. The engine was mounted longitudinally in the front of the vehicle, driving the rear wheels.
Engine Specifications
Key engine specifications include a compression ratio of 8.7:1, a cylinder bore of 86 mm (3.39 in), and a piston stroke of 78.8 mm (3.1 in). The engine required 7 liters (7.4 US qt, 6.16 UK qt) of engine oil and 10 liters (10.57 US qt, 8.8 UK qt) of coolant. The engine’s power-to-liter ratio was 64.5 hp/l, indicating a reasonably efficient design for its time.
Driving Characteristics
The 280 TE, with its 177 hp and automatic transmission, offered a comfortable and refined driving experience. Acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (0-62 mph) took approximately 11.2 seconds, while 0-60 mph was achieved in around 10.6 seconds. The top speed was rated at 195 km/h (121.17 mph). Compared to the manual transmission versions of the 280, the automatic variant sacrificed some responsiveness, but it provided a more relaxed and effortless driving experience. The automatic transmission’s shift points were calibrated for smooth transitions, prioritizing comfort over outright performance. Compared to the smaller-engined 200 T and 230 T models, the 280 TE offered significantly more power and torque, resulting in noticeably improved acceleration and highway cruising ability. It also provided a more relaxed driving experience when fully loaded with passengers and cargo.
Equipment & Trim Levels
The 280 TE was well-equipped for its time, reflecting its position as a premium model. Standard features typically included power steering, disc brakes on all four wheels, and comfortable cloth upholstery. The interior featured a wood-trimmed dashboard and door panels, adding to the vehicle’s luxurious ambiance. Optional extras included air conditioning, a sunroof, and upgraded audio systems. The 280 TE also offered a range of exterior color options and the ability to customize the interior trim to suit individual preferences. The wagon configuration itself provided a substantial cargo area, making it ideal for families and those needing to transport large items. The rear seats could be folded down to further expand the cargo capacity.
Chassis & Braking
The S123 280 TE utilized a double wishbone suspension at the front and a trailing arm suspension at the rear. This suspension setup provided a comfortable ride and good handling characteristics. The vehicle was equipped with disc brakes on all four wheels, offering excellent stopping power. The steering system was a cone worm with recirculation balls, providing precise and responsive steering feel. The 280 TE’s curb weight of 1560 kg (3439.21 lbs) was relatively high, but the engine’s torque helped to mitigate the effects of the weight. Tire size was typically 195/70 R14 for both front and rear wheels, mounted on 6J x 14 inch rims.
Market Reception & Comparison
The Mercedes-Benz S123 280 TE was generally well-received by automotive critics. It was praised for its luxurious interior, comfortable ride, and practical wagon body style. However, some critics noted that the automatic transmission could feel sluggish at times, and the fuel economy was relatively poor compared to smaller-engined models. Fuel consumption was rated at 17.1 l/100 km (13.8 US mpg, 16.5 UK mpg) in urban driving and 10.9 l/100 km (21.6 US mpg, 25.9 UK mpg) in extra-urban driving. Compared to the 230 TE, the 280 TE offered a significant performance advantage, but at a higher price point. The 280 TE also offered a more refined driving experience than the more basic 200 T model. Reliability was generally good, typical of Mercedes-Benz vehicles of the era, although maintenance costs could be relatively high due to the complexity of the engine and fuel injection system.
Technical Specifications
| Brand | Mercedes-Benz |
| Model | W123 |
| Generation | S123 |
| Type | 280 TE (177 Hp) Automatic |
| Start of production | September, 1977 |
| End of production | April, 1978 |
| Engine Type | Internal Combustion engine |
| Body type | Station wagon (estate) |
| Seats | 5 |
| Doors | 5 |
| Fuel consumption (urban) | 17.1 l/100 km (13.8 US mpg, 16.5 UK mpg) |
| Fuel consumption (extra urban) | 10.9 l/100 km (21.6 US mpg, 25.9 UK mpg) |
| Fuel Type | Petrol (Gasoline) |
| Acceleration 0 – 100 km/h | 11.2 sec |
| Acceleration 0 – 62 mph | 11.2 sec |
| Acceleration 0 – 60 mph | 10.6 sec |
| Maximum speed | 195 km/h (121.17 mph) |
| Power | 177 Hp @ 6000 rpm |
| Torque | 234 Nm @ 4500 rpm (172.59 lb.-ft. @ 4500 rpm) |
| Engine layout | Front, Longitudinal |
| Engine Model/Code | M 110 E 28 / 110.984 |
| Engine displacement | 2746 cm3 (167.57 cu. in.) |
| Number of cylinders | 6 |
| Engine configuration | Inline |
| Cylinder Bore | 86 mm (3.39 in.) |
| Piston Stroke | 78.8 mm (3.1 in.) |
| Compression ratio | 8.7:1 |
| Kerb Weight | 1560 kg (3439.21 lbs.) |
| Max. weight | 2180 kg (4806.08 lbs.) |
| Fuel tank capacity | 80 l (21.13 US gal, 17.6 UK gal) |
| Length | 4725 mm (186.02 in.) |
| Width | 1786 mm (70.31 in.) |
| Height | 1470 mm (57.87 in.) |
| Wheelbase | 2795 mm (110.04 in.) |
| Number of gears | 4 |
| Gearbox type | automatic transmission |
Legacy
The Mercedes-Benz S123 280 TE remains a sought-after classic car today. Its combination of luxury, practicality, and robust engineering has ensured its enduring appeal. The M 110 engine, when properly maintained, is known for its longevity and reliability. However, finding well-preserved examples can be challenging, as many have suffered from neglect or have been modified over the years. Parts availability is generally good, although some specific components can be difficult to source. The 280 TE’s automatic transmission, while comfortable, may require periodic servicing to ensure smooth operation. In the used car market, the 280 TE commands a premium price compared to the smaller-engined S123 models, reflecting its higher performance and more luxurious features. It is considered a desirable vehicle for collectors and enthusiasts who appreciate classic Mercedes-Benz engineering and styling.
