The Moskvich 21412-01 1.5 (72 Hp) is a compact hatchback produced by the Soviet automotive manufacturer AZLK (Avtozavod imeni Lenina, later Moskvich) between 1987 and 1997. Representing a significant update to the earlier Moskvich 2141, the 21412-01 was a mainstay of personal transportation in the Eastern Bloc and a notable export vehicle, particularly to countries with trade ties to the Soviet Union. While never officially sold in the United States, the Moskvich 21412-01 offers a fascinating glimpse into automotive engineering and design during the late Cold War era. It served as a practical and relatively affordable vehicle for a broad segment of the population, embodying the Soviet emphasis on functional transportation.
Moskvich 21412-01: A Detailed Overview
The 21412-01 was part of the broader 2141 family, which itself was a modernization of the earlier Moskvich-408 and 412 models. The “21412” designation indicated specific improvements, including a more modern interior, updated exterior styling, and refinements to the engine and suspension. The “-01” suffix denoted a further iteration within the 21412 series. The car’s design reflected a blend of Western influences, particularly from Italian designs of the 1960s and 70s, adapted to Soviet manufacturing capabilities and aesthetic preferences. It was intended to provide a comfortable and reliable vehicle for everyday use, prioritizing practicality over luxury or high performance.
Engine & Performance
The Moskvich 21412-01 was powered by a 1.5-liter (1478 cm3 or 90.19 cu. in.) inline four-cylinder engine. This engine produced 72 horsepower at 5400 rpm and 106 Nm (78.18 lb.-ft.) of torque at 3200 rpm. The engine featured a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and utilized a carburetor fuel injection system, a common technology for the period. Power per liter was rated at 48.7 hp/l. The engine was mounted longitudinally in the front of the vehicle. Performance was modest by modern standards, with acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (0-62 mph) taking approximately 18 seconds. Top speed was limited to 150 km/h (93.21 mph). The weight-to-power ratio was 14.8 kg/Hp, and the weight-to-torque ratio was 10 kg/Nm. The drivetrain consisted of a five-speed manual transmission driving the front wheels. This front-wheel-drive configuration was relatively advanced for a Soviet-era vehicle and contributed to improved handling and fuel efficiency.
Design & Features
The Moskvich 21412-01 is a five-door hatchback, offering a practical body style for families and everyday use. It could comfortably seat five passengers. The car’s exterior design was characterized by its boxy shape, relatively simple lines, and chrome trim. While not overtly stylish, the design was functional and reflected the prevailing automotive trends of the time. Interior features were basic but functional, with cloth upholstery and a simple dashboard layout. Safety features were limited by the standards of the era, but the inclusion of disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear represented a step forward in braking performance. An Anti-lock braking system (ABS) was included as an assisting system. Trunk space was a respectable 370 liters (13.07 cu. ft.). The fuel tank had a capacity of 55 liters (14.53 US gal | 12.1 UK gal). The car’s dimensions were 4350 mm (171.26 in.) in length, 1690 mm (66.54 in.) in width, and 1400 mm (55.12 in.) in height, with a wheelbase of 2580 mm (101.57 in.).
Technical Specifications
| Brand | Moskvich |
| Model | 2141 |
| Generation | 21412-01 |
| Type (Engine) | 1.5 (72 Hp) |
| Start of production | 1987 |
| End of production | 1997 |
| Powertrain Architecture | Internal Combustion engine |
| Body type | Hatchback |
| Seats | 5 |
| Doors | 5 |
| Fuel consumption (combined) | 7.9 l/100 km (29.8 US mpg, 35.8 UK mpg, 12.7 km/l) |
| Fuel Type | Petrol (Gasoline) |
| Acceleration 0 – 100 km/h | 18 sec |
| Acceleration 0 – 62 mph | 18 sec |
| Acceleration 0 – 60 mph | 17.1 sec |
| Maximum speed | 150 km/h (93.21 mph) |
| Weight-to-power ratio | 14.8 kg/Hp |
| Weight-to-torque ratio | 10 kg/Nm |
| Power | 72 Hp @ 5400 rpm |
| Power per litre | 48.7 Hp/l |
| Torque | 106 Nm @ 3200 rpm (78.18 lb.-ft. @ 3200 rpm) |
| Engine layout | Front, Longitudinal |
| Engine displacement | 1478 cm3 (90.19 cu. in.) |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Engine configuration | Inline |
| Cylinder Bore | 82 mm (3.23 in.) |
| Piston Stroke | 70 mm (2.76 in.) |
| Compression ratio | 9.5:1 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 2 |
| Fuel injection system | Carburettor |
| Engine aspiration | Naturally aspirated engine |
| Valvetrain | OHC |
| Kerb Weight | 1065 kg (2347.92 lbs.) |
| Max. weight | 1465 kg (3229.77 lbs.) |
| Max load | 400 kg (881.85 lbs.) |
| Trunk (boot) space – minimum | 370 l (13.07 cu. ft.) |
| Fuel tank capacity | 55 l (14.53 US gal | 12.1 UK gal) |
| Length | 4350 mm (171.26 in.) |
| Width | 1690 mm (66.54 in.) |
| Height | 1400 mm (55.12 in.) |
| Wheelbase | 2580 mm (101.57 in.) |
| Front track | 1440 mm (56.69 in.) |
| Rear (Back) track | 1420 mm (55.91 in.) |
| Drivetrain Architecture | Front wheel drive |
| Number of gears and type of gearbox | 5 gears, manual transmission |
| Front suspension | Coil spring |
| Rear suspension | Coil spring |
| Front brakes | Disc |
| Rear brakes | Drum |
| Assisting systems | ABS (Anti-lock braking system) |
| Steering type | Steering rack and pinion |
| Tires size | 165/80 R14 S |
The Moskvich 21412-01, while not a technological marvel, represented a significant step forward for Soviet automotive manufacturing. It provided a reliable and affordable means of transportation for millions of people and remains a nostalgic symbol of a bygone era. Its simple design and robust construction made it relatively easy to maintain and repair, contributing to its longevity and widespread use.
