1979-1983 Peugeot 104 1.2 (57 Hp)

The Peugeot 104 1.2, producing 57 horsepower, was a mainstay of the Peugeot lineup from 1979 to 1983. It represented an entry-level offering within the broader Peugeot 104 range, which spanned from 1972 to 1988. This variant, powered by the XZ5 engine, was designed to provide economical and practical transportation, appealing to a broad customer base seeking a small, affordable hatchback. The 104 itself was a significant vehicle for Peugeot, being their first front-wheel-drive model and a departure from their traditionally rear-wheel-drive designs. It competed directly with other small European hatchbacks like the Renault 5 and the Citroën Visa.

Peugeot 104 1.2: Positioning and Overview

The 104 1.2 occupied the base trim level within the 104 range during its production years. Higher-spec models included the 1.1-liter and 1.6-liter variants, offering increased performance. The 1.2 was specifically targeted at buyers prioritizing fuel efficiency and low running costs over outright speed. It was often chosen by first-time car owners, city dwellers, and those needing a reliable second vehicle. The 104’s compact size made it easy to maneuver in urban environments, and its relatively simple mechanical design contributed to its reputation for reliability, though corrosion was a known issue.

Powertrain & Engine Architecture

The heart of the Peugeot 104 1.2 was the XZ5 engine, a 1218cc inline-four cylinder, naturally aspirated gasoline engine. This engine was a relatively simple design, featuring a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) operating two valves per cylinder. The XZ5 utilized a Solex carburetor for fuel delivery, a common setup for vehicles of this era. The engine’s bore and stroke were 76.2mm x 82mm, resulting in a compression ratio of 8.5:1. While not a powerhouse, the XZ5 was known for its durability and ease of maintenance. The engine produced 57 horsepower (42 kW) at 6000 rpm and 69 lb-ft (94 Nm) of torque at 4000 rpm. The engine was mounted transversely at the front of the vehicle, driving the front wheels.

The 104 1.2 was exclusively offered with a four-speed manual transmission. An automatic transmission was not available for this specific engine/trim combination. The transmission was a standard, fully synchronized unit, providing smooth and reliable gear changes. The gear ratios were optimized for fuel economy and everyday driving, rather than performance. First gear was relatively short, aiding in acceleration from a standstill, while the higher gears were geared for comfortable cruising at highway speeds. The final drive ratio was typically around 3.94:1.

Driving Characteristics

The driving experience in the Peugeot 104 1.2 was characterized by its light and nimble handling. The car’s small size and relatively low weight (around 780 kg or 1720 lbs) contributed to its agility. Acceleration was modest, with a 0-60 mph time of around 16-18 seconds. However, the engine was willing to rev, and the car felt surprisingly lively in city traffic. The four-speed manual transmission required frequent shifting to maintain momentum, particularly when overtaking or climbing hills. The steering was light and precise, making it easy to maneuver in tight spaces. The suspension, while simple, provided a reasonably comfortable ride, absorbing most bumps and imperfections in the road surface. Compared to the 1.6-liter models, the 1.2 felt noticeably slower, especially at higher speeds. The 1.6 offered a more relaxed cruising experience and better acceleration, but at the expense of fuel economy.

Equipment & Trim Levels

The 104 1.2 was typically equipped with basic, but functional, features. Standard equipment included cloth upholstery, vinyl floor covering, and basic instrumentation consisting of a speedometer, fuel gauge, and temperature gauge. The seats were relatively simple in design, prioritizing durability over luxury. The dashboard was functional and straightforward, with all controls within easy reach of the driver. Optional extras included a radio, heated rear window, and upgraded seat upholstery. Higher trim levels, such as the GL, offered additional features like tinted glass, chrome trim, and more comfortable seats. The 1.2 model generally lacked many of these luxury items, focusing on providing a basic, affordable transportation solution.

Chassis & Braking

The Peugeot 104 featured a monocoque chassis construction, providing a good balance of strength and lightness. The front suspension consisted of independent MacPherson struts, while the rear suspension utilized a trailing arm setup. This suspension configuration provided a comfortable ride and predictable handling. The steering was a rack and pinion system, offering precise and responsive control. The braking system consisted of front disc brakes and rear drum brakes. The brakes were adequate for the car’s weight and performance, but lacked the stopping power of more modern vehicles. The 104 1.2 did not typically feature power steering or anti-lock brakes, reflecting its entry-level positioning.

Market Reception & Comparison

The Peugeot 104 1.2 was generally well-received by critics and consumers alike. It was praised for its fuel efficiency, affordability, and ease of driving. However, it was also criticized for its lack of power and its susceptibility to rust. Compared to its rivals, such as the Renault 5 and Citroën Visa, the 104 1.2 offered a similar level of practicality and economy. The Renault 5 was often considered to be more stylish, while the Citroën Visa offered a slightly more refined driving experience. In terms of fuel economy, the 104 1.2 typically achieved around 45-50 mpg, making it a very economical vehicle to operate. Reliability was generally good, although regular maintenance was essential to prevent corrosion and ensure long-term durability.

Technical Specifications

Legacy

The Peugeot 104 1.2, while not the most powerful or luxurious vehicle of its time, remains a fondly remembered classic. Its simple design and robust engine made it a reliable and affordable option for many drivers. Today, surviving examples are relatively rare, particularly those in good condition, due to the widespread corrosion issues that plagued the model. However, well-maintained 104 1.2s are sought after by classic car enthusiasts and collectors. The XZ5 engine, while not particularly sophisticated, is known for its durability and ease of repair, making it a relatively straightforward engine to maintain. The Peugeot 104, and the 1.2 variant specifically, represents a significant chapter in Peugeot’s history, marking their transition to front-wheel-drive technology and establishing their reputation for building practical and affordable vehicles.